![]() ![]() C came back with the glasses, but she did not tell her parents they had been a present from the family she visited, and she used the money for other purposes. They had asked her to bring back crystal glasses for which they had given her some money. Soon after she came back, her parents discovered that she lied to them. Every pupil stayed in a Czech host family. The first week of vacation C went to Prague with her school. The Easter vacation started a few days later. ![]() Her behavior and reactions were considered normal. At the burial, C was very sad but there were no pathological manifestation. Recent contextīefore Easter vacation, one of C's aunts (the wife of one of her father's brothers) died of lung cancer three weeks after she was diagnosed but the parents didn't inform C right away because she was taking her school exams. She was also described as being shy and dependent. She was described by her parents as too serious and highly concerned by her school results while not experiencing any academic difficulties. Her learning skills have always been average. No evidence of recent traumatic events have been found in the family. Neither C nor her sister had medical or psychiatric previous record. C had her menarche when she was 13 years old. No psychological or medical problems have been reported in the early childhood. C was a premature child (33 weeks) at birth but her psychomotor development was normal. The only psychiatric background in the family concerned one aunt (one of her mother's sisters) who had been undergoing treatment for depression for two years with a complete remission. Both parents are teachers in an elementary school. C comes from an upper middle class Catholic family. Background informationĬ was living with her parents and her 16-year-old sister. The possibility of the Ganser syndrome as a co-morbid condition or an expression of depressive disorder in adolescence will be discussed.Ĭ is a 14-year-old girl who came to the emergency room in a bizarre state, with altered consciousness. ![]() The lack of reports and information about its course made it worthwhile reporting the case of a 14-year-old girl who presented a Ganser syndrome, resolved in two weeks and followed seven months later by a relapse of the same syndrome, preceded by a major depressive episode. The course of these cases also varied from rapid remission, which is the most frequent outcome, to chronic course with symptoms still present after many years follow-up (Adler and Touyz Refaat et al. ), and atypical pervasive developmental disorder (Burd and Kerbeshian ). ), Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (Burd and Kerbeshian Refaat et al. Comorbid context was frequent: schizophrenia (Whitlock Nardi and Di Scipio ), major or minor head injury (Adler Adler and Touyz Miller et al. These cases met at least one of Ganser's original symptoms, the only feature being the approximate answers. Nine cases have been reported by Whitlock in 1967, Nardi and Di Scipio in 1977, Adler in 1981, Burd and Kerbeshian in 1985 Dabholkar in 1987, Adler and Touyz in 1989, Apter et al. In children and adolescents, the Ganser syndrome appears to be especially rare. More recently, Fink and Taylor suggested that the Ganser syndrome could be one of the forms of catatonia. However Sigal et al state that the underlying mechanisms are still under discussion, and the organic and/or psychotic nature of this entity is still controversial. Modern classifications subsume this syndrome under the general heading of unspecified dissociative disorders as in DSM-IV (300.15), and it is generally accepted in the literature that the Ganser syndrome is a dissociative disorder. have insisted on the relationship with malingering disorders, schizophreniform disorders, a hysterical dissociative state, or finally organic or toxic confusional states. Enoch and Trethowan state that the four essential clinical features of the Ganser syndrome are: approximate answers, somatic conversion symptoms, clouding of consciousness, and visual or auditory pseudohallucinations.Ĭontroversy has always surrounded the precise nosological status of the Ganser syndrome. passing by or beside the point, or giving approximate answers to questions within the patient's range of knowledge. Ganser termed these answers to questions vorbeigehen, i. In 1898, Ganser delivered a paper entitled "Concerning an unusual hysterical confusional state" in which he described prisoners who developed transitory symptoms of mental illness, characterized by disturbed consciousness, hallucinations, sensory changes of a hysterical kind, and characteristic answers to questions.
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